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            <h1>MultiChina 
      
      
        (completed)
      </h1>
            
      
        <div class="vrtx-introduction"><p>How does Chinese economic engagement influence environmental and democratic governance in Africa and Latin America?</p>
</div>
      
            
      

      
      
      
      
      

      
        
        

        <div class="vrtx-introduction-image">
          <img src="/english/research/interfaculty-research-areas/completed/sum/projects/multichina/multichina-flickr-photo507x338.png" alt="illustrasjon" loading="lazy"/>
          
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            <div class="vrtx-article-body">
              <h2>About the project</h2>

<p>Full name: Chinese Multilateralism and its Impact on Environmental and Democratic Governance in Africa and Latin America</p>

<p>The rise of China continues to shape the global order in many ways. One way is by changing the conditions of democratic and environmental governance, particularly in low-income countries.</p>

<p>This project studies how the scaling up of Chinese economic engagement influences democratic and natural resources governance in Africa and Latin America. How are the principles of cooperation between China and individual countries shaped and influenced? And how and to what extent are the principles of international organization and cooperation between groups of countries affected?</p>

<p>In order to respond to these questions, our focus is to study Chinese influence in Chile, Venezuela, Zimbabwe and Kenya. These cases have been selected based on differences in state capacity and the strength of democratic institutions. In addition, we will study the effects of Chinese engagement in four very different international organizational contexts. While two of these have been key institutions for international cooperation for several decades (the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs, UNDESA), CELAC-China Forum and Forum for China and Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) are newer organizations established to strengthen the relationship between China and Latin America and Africa, respectively.</p>

<h2>Objectives</h2>

<p>Our primary objective is to explain the impact of the combined effect of Chinese bilateral and multilateral initiatives on norms of democratic and natural resource governance in Africa and Latin America.</p>

<p>Our secondary objectives are to:</p>

<ol>
	<li>Describe China’s means to coordinate bilateral and multilateral, state and business initiatives</li>
	<li>Understand how Chinese initiatives influence multilateral norms in Africa and Latin America</li>
	<li>Analyze the conditions under which Chinese engagement influences elite composition, norms and attitudes</li>
	<li>Establish a solid environment for the study of implications of a Sino-centric multilateralism at SUM (UiO)</li>
	<li>Strengthen research collaboration between SUM (UiO), CIBE-UIBE and SCOT-UIBE (Beijing)</li>
	<li>Build a shared language for interpretation and reciprocal understanding between Norway-China</li>
	<li>Expand dialogue with stakeholders influencing China’s global outreach</li>
	<li>Strengthen Norway’s knowledge base to navigate a new international institutional context</li>
</ol>

<h2>Outcomes</h2>

<p>We study Chinese influence through in-depth interviews with elites in China and in case countries and organizations, and by tracing the processes of Chinese engagement from initiation of cooperation projects to final completion. The results of this project will contribute to finding answers to pressing issues in global governance including: How will the large Chinese investment and lending program, the Belt and Road Initiative, influence the achievement of global goals on environment and development? To what extent is the increasing Chinese influence on global politics weakening democracies?</p>

<ol></ol>

<h2>Financing</h2>

<p>CHINOR Programme, The Research Council of Norway.</p>

<h2>Research news</h2>

<div>/english/research/interfaculty-research-areas/completed/sum/projects/multichina/index.html, 92:5: $?{include:feed}: /english/research/projects/multichina/research-news/?vrtx=feed does not exist</div>

<h2>Media</h2>

<div>/english/research/interfaculty-research-areas/completed/sum/projects/multichina/index.html, 96:5: $?{include:feed}: /english/research/projects/multichina/news/?vrtx=feed does not exist</div>

<h2>Publications</h2>

<div>/english/research/interfaculty-research-areas/completed/sum/projects/multichina/index.html, 100:5: $?{include:feed}: /english/research/projects/multichina/publications/?vrtx=feed does not exist</div>

            </div>
            
	  
	  

    
    

    
    

	  
      



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    <div id="vrtx-publications-wrapper">

      <h2>Publications</h2>



      <div id="vrtx-publication-tabs">
        <ul>
            <li><a href="#vrtx-publication-tab-1" name="vrtx-publication-tab-1">Scientific articles and book chapters</a></li>
            <li><a href="#vrtx-publication-tab-2" name="vrtx-publication-tab-2">Books</a></li>
            <li><a href="#vrtx-publication-tab-3" name="vrtx-publication-tab-3">Other</a></li>
        </ul>



    <div id="vrtx-publication-tab-1">
  <ul class="vrtx-external-publications">

      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2398400" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2398400">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2398400">
                Bull, Benedicte &amp; Rosales, Antulio
            </span>(2025).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Chinese impact on development in Venezuela: the dynamics of structural stagnation.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-articlesAndBookChapters publisher-category-ARTICLE">
                        New Political Economy.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 1356-3467.</span>
                            31(1),
                <span class="vrtx-pages">p. 125–144.</span>
            doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2025.2531004">10.1080/13563467.2025.2531004</a>.
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4224876">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">This article traces the impact of China’s engagement on development in Venezuela from 2001 to 2023. We build on long-established theories of development and evaluate how the relationship has influenced three conditions crucial for development: industrialisation, economic diversification, and institutional strength. We discuss the impact of Chinese engagement in three phases: the first phase runs from 2006 to 2016, when bilateral investment funds were active; the second phase, from 2016 to 2023, is characterised by the sanctions imposed by the U.S. and Venezuela’s economic collapse. The third phase begins in 2023, marked by an attempt to reactivate the Venezuelan private sector through Special Economic Zones (SEZs). We argue that while China has emphasised its engagement in the Global South as one that prioritises development, in Venezuela, it has, in fact, contributed to the opposite. Earlier in the relationship, oil dependency deepened, and the governance of the binational development funds lacked accountability and oversight, producing feedback loops that countered diversification and weakened institutions. In recent times, the relationship has turned into a more traditional dynamic of dependency: Venezuela receives limited investments for low-productivity jobs and serves as a market for consumer products while exporting commodities, resulting in a structural stagnation.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2311647" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2311647">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2311647">
                Bull, Benedicte; Rosales, Antulio &amp; Sutherland, Manuel
            </span>(2025).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Authoritarian Capitalism in Venezuela: The Political Economy of Maduro’s Disorderly Liberalization.
                </span>
                    <span class="vrtx-parent-contributors">
                            In Polga-Hecimovich, John &amp; Raúl, Sánchez-Urribarri (Ed.),
                    </span>
                <span class="vrtx-parent-title parent-title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    Authoritarian Consolidation in Times of Crisis:
Venezuela under Nicolás Maduro.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-articlesAndBookChapters publisher-category-CHAPTERACADEMIC">
                        <a class="vrtx-publisher" href="https://kanalregister.hkdir.no/publiseringskanaler/info/forlag?pid=FAE3940D-29AB-45F5-9190-6242B3BB7596">Routledge</a>.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 9781032601670.</span>
                            
                <span class="vrtx-pages">p. 63–81.</span>
            doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003457886-5">10.4324/9781003457886-5</a>.
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10852/119703">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">This chapter explains the form of authoritarian capitalism that is emerging in Venezuela. We integrate insights from the “varieties of capitalism” literature with that of Weberian state theory of the developmental state and its opposites, to explain the evolving form of capitalism in Venezuela. This system is broadly characterized by the dominance of private property and of production for profit by private companies, but economic opportunities are conditioned by political loyalty to the government and its allies. Its evolution is part of the regime&#39;s autocratic consolidation, which rests on repression, co-optation, and strategies of institutional legitimation. Under authoritarian capitalism, economic policy-making is driven by the regime&#39;s need for staying in power, in part through benefiting a small group of key supporters. Characterized by a state with weak capacity, this system reproduces inequalities, is largely uncompetitive, and can deepen pockets of violence and predation. We build on empirical work carried out in Venezuela in the past decade, including surveys with emerging business sectors as well as interviews with experts, businesses, and policymakers.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2319792" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2319792">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2319792">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2025).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Does the Rise of the Global South Weaken Democracy? The Pivotal Case of the 2024 Presidential Elections in Venezuela.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-articlesAndBookChapters publisher-category-ARTICLE">
                        Forum for Development Studies.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 0803-9410.</span>
                            52(2),
                <span class="vrtx-pages">p. 361–382.</span>
            doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2024.2424582">10.1080/08039410.2024.2424582</a>.
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5059865">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">It is a common critique of the Global South that its rising protagonism is a tool for authoritarian forces. The prominent role of authoritarian countries in coalitions such as BRICS and the Non-Aligned Movement, which claim to represent the Global South, has strengthened this concern. To shed light on those issues, this paper provides an in-depth case study of the 2024 elections crisis in Venezuela and the role of the Global South in resolving it. The question asked is to what extent countries identifying with the Global South were able to simultaneously promote democracy and adopt a foreign policy identity aligned with the Global South. The paper shows how the position and action of different Global South countries differed significantly, from an outright rejection of the fraudulent elections, to their endorsement. There were also concerted efforts by countries strongly identifying with the Global South to facilitate a democratic solution. The main argument developed is that a Global South narrative’s interweaving of anti-imperialism and opposition against foreign interference with opposition against liberal democracy promotion has left a limited space for democracy advocacy among countries with a Global South identity. This may weaken democratic forces among Global South countries in the future.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2361555" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2361555">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2361555">
                Bull, Benedicte &amp; Banik, Dan
            </span>(2025).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        The Rebirth of the Global South: 
Geopolitics, Imageries and Developmental Realities.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-articlesAndBookChapters publisher-category-ARTICLE">
                        Forum for Development Studies.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 0803-9410.</span>
                            52(2),
                <span class="vrtx-pages">p. 195–214.</span>
            doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2025.2490696">10.1080/08039410.2025.2490696</a>.
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4855105">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">The term ‘Global South’ has seen a resurgence in recent years, evolving from a synonym for the ‘Third World’ to a geo-historical concept representing low- and middle-income countries and emerging powers. Despite growing prominence in global policy debates, its meaning remains contested. In this introductory article to the special issue, we first discuss five distinct interpretations identified in the literature. We emphasize that Global South is characterized by internal diversity, evolving roles, and shifting alliances, while remaining anchored in the broader struggles for global justice and systemic transformation that give the concept its political meaning. The second part analyses the role of the Global South in reshaping global governance as countries within this grouping navigate strategic balancing between major powers, influencing emerging multipolar dynamics. Through a dialogue with the articles in the special issue we illustrate how the role of the Global South moves far beyond being critical of the west and a liberal world order, but rather both challenge and reaffirm some of the norms underpinning such an order. The third part discusses how South-South Cooperation (SSC) emerges as a vehicle for reconfiguring global cooperation, driven by strategic interests and diverse forms of engagement. The articles in this special issues provide examples of the multifaceted nature of this engagement. Overall, this special issue provides insights into how the Global South’s complexities intersect with geopolitical shifts, challenging traditional norms and offering new frameworks for global governance transformation.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2260161" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2260161">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2260161">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        China and the New Geopolitics of Climate Multilateralism in Latin America.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-articlesAndBookChapters publisher-category-ARTICLE">
                        Iberoamericana – Nordic Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 0046-8444.</span>
                            53(1),
                <span class="vrtx-pages">p. 44–58.</span>
            doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.16993/iberoamericana.633">10.16993/iberoamericana.633</a>.
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10852/110754">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">The role of China in the world and in Latin America is rapidly changing. From being a fast-developing nation, scouring the world for raw materials and markets for its own industrialization, it has set out to be a global leader, also on climate change mitigation. This has become a geopolitical issue, particularly since it involves energy and land use change. China is seeking to secure its interests through building multilateral coalitions and striking bilateral agreements that allow the combination of pursuing their own geopolitical interests and climate mitigation goals and tying a broad set of countries into China’s orbit. This paper discusses how this process shapes Latin America’s climate agenda. China’s agenda diverges on many issues from those pursued by Latin American countries and actors. At the same time, Chinese strategies meet resistance, due both to Latin America fragmentation and other actors’ geopolitical interests, mainly those of the EU and the USA. I argue that China is pursuing a vision of a green transformation placing “development” in focus in line with a “thin” understanding of sustainability. What is emerging is a “transmuted” multilateralism wherein new institutions coexist with existing ones that are given new content.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2283803" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2283803">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2283803">
                Bull, Benedicte &amp; Rosales, Antulio
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Elite Dynamics and China&#39;s Influence in Latin-America.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-articlesAndBookChapters publisher-category-ARTICLE">
                        Development and Change.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 0012-155X.</span>
                            55(5),
                <span class="vrtx-pages">p. 1206–1229.</span>
            doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12861">10.1111/dech.12861</a>.
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10852/114127">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">The rise of China as a trading partner, lender, and investor is among the most significant developments in the global political economy over the last two decades. This shift has created important new opportunities for developing countries, but it has also introduced new challenges, with benefits and drawbacks unevenly distributed across different nations. This paper argues that understanding the developmental consequences of China’s involvement requires studying not only Chinese priorities and modalities but also the interests and strategies of local elites. 
The development of Latin America has been profoundly influenced by these elite interests, which are shaped by the region&#39;s integration into the global economy. Elites may leverage the benefits of the relationship to China to enhance their rent-seeking capabilities and limit competition, thereby hindering development and perpetuating inequality in Latin America. This argument is examined through the contrasting cases of Chile and Venezuela: while Chile’s approach to China has been dominated by private sector elites, Venezuela’s has been driven by governmental elites. In both cases, integration with China is shaped by and in has in turn strengthened interests and strategies of the elites.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2329798" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2329798">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2329798">
                Banik, Dan &amp; Mawdsley, Emma
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Special Issue: China and India in Africa.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-articlesAndBookChapters publisher-category-ARTICLE">
                        Journal of International Development.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 0954-1748.</span>
                            35(4),
                <span class="vrtx-pages">p. 537–668.</span>
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4903861">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2237925" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2237925">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2237925">
                Brauteseth, Bjorn Leif
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        A Chinese Communist Party perspective on development and the environment: socialism through environmental development?                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-parent-title parent-title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    Handbook of International Development and the Environment.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-articlesAndBookChapters publisher-category-CHAPTERACADEMIC">
                        <a class="vrtx-publisher" href="https://kanalregister.hkdir.no/publiseringskanaler/info/forlag?pid=E7A0A577-496D-4838-AF57-942A313A2D2A">Edward Elgar Publishing</a>.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 9781800883772.</span>
                            
                <span class="vrtx-pages">p. 100–120.</span>
            doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800883789">10.4337/9781800883789</a>.
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4837431">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2088440" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2088440">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2088440">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Caught in the Crossfire: The Inter-American Development Bank and US–China Rivalry.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-articlesAndBookChapters publisher-category-ARTICLE">
                        Global China Pulse.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 2004-4607.</span>
                            1(1).
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3552061">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2056902" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2056902">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2056902">
                Banik, Dan &amp; Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Multilateralism to the Rescue? Beijing’s Support for Multilateral Institutions during the COVID-19 Crisis.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-articlesAndBookChapters publisher-category-ARTICLE">
                        Internationales Asienforum.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 0020-9449.</span>
                            53(2).
            doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.11588/iqas.2022.2.14102">10.11588/iqas.2022.2.14102</a>.
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10852/100545">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">During the global COVID-19 crisis, China has portrayed itself as a “champion of multilateralism” – defending UN institutions and its own multilateral initiatives in a variety of spheres. China’s approach has, however, often been criticised for undermining multilateralism through its use of multilateral platforms as arenas to contest US leadership. This paper examines the official Chinese discourse on multilateralism during the COVID 19 crisis in the years 2020 and 2021 in light of Beijing’s multilateral diplomacy in the Global South, exemplified by the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) and the China-CELAC Forum (China–Community of Latin American and Caribbean States Forum). The authors argue that China’s growing multilateral engagement must be understood in the context of a multilateral system that was already in crisis before the pandemic due to its inability to resolve major global challenges. The term “multilateralism” is essentially used by Beijing to discursively oppose “unilateralism”. While its active multilateral engagement may be able to prevent and resolve major global crises in the future, Beijing’s approach offers limited multilateral spaces for deliberation and contestation by weaker states and non-state actors.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2036252" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2036252">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2036252">
                Cezne, Eric &amp; Wethal, Ulrikke Bryn
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Reading Mozambique&#39;s mega-project developmentalism through the workplace: Evidence from Chinese and Brazilian investments.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-articlesAndBookChapters publisher-category-ARTICLE">
                        African Affairs.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 0001-9909.</span>
                            121(484),
                <span class="vrtx-pages">p. 343–370.</span>
            doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adac019">10.1093/afraf/adac019</a>.
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4071816">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">ABSTRACT Propelled by a commodities boom and expanding South–South investment, mega-projects have reshaped the politics of labour in many African settings. Reflecting on such dynamics, this article critically engages with questions of employment, skills development, and contestation re-configuring capital–labour encounters in the ‘Chinese’ and ‘Brazilian’ workplace in Mozambique. We analyse two mega-projects: the Maputo Ring Road, implemented by the China Road and Bridge Corporation, and the Moatize Coal Project, led by the Brazilian mining company, Vale SA. Engaging with the complex realities at project ground level, the article unpacks how workplace regimes and outcomes reflect an intricate, multi-scalar array of spatial encounters, sector-specific characteristics, and national political economies. For both cases, this is associated with common promises of development and prosperity for Mozambique. While such promises take on different ideational guises, we show that the Chinese and Brazilian workplaces expose, nonetheless, overlapping patterns of inequality, contention, and hostility, reinforced by broader vulnerabilities and imbalances in global production networks and the Mozambican political economy. By providing a ground-level reading of the multi-scalar forces at play in the workplace, this article sheds light on the relationship between emerging South–South global encounters, national political realities, and labour geographies in African contexts shaped by mega-projects.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2329868" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2329868">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2329868">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Democracy and Sustainable Development.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-articlesAndBookChapters publisher-category-ARTICLE">
                        Anthropocene Science.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 2731-3980.</span>
                            1(1),
                <span class="vrtx-pages">p. 233–245.</span>
            doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44177-022-00019-z">10.1007/s44177-022-00019-z</a>.
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3787326">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1940706" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1940706">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1940706">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        The 2030 agenda and the push for electrification in Africa: a tale of two countries,
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-parent-title parent-title-articlesAndBookChapters">
                    Environmental Sustainability and Economy.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-articlesAndBookChapters publisher-category-CHAPTERACADEMIC">
                        <a class="vrtx-publisher" href="https://kanalregister.hkdir.no/publiseringskanaler/info/forlag?pid=6842E8D1-0000-4592-8453-5F5E8A474B6F">Elsevier</a>.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 9780128221884.</span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4290880">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
    </ul>
      <p class="vrtx-more-external-publications"><a href="https://nva.sikt.no/filter?fundingIdentifier=302001&amp;fundingSource=NFR">View all works in NVA</a></p>
    </div>

    <div id="vrtx-publication-tab-2">
  <ul class="vrtx-external-publications">

      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1941962" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1941962">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1941962">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-books">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Latin-Amerika i dag: nye interesser og gamle b?nd til USA, Kina, Russland, Midt?sten og Europa.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-books publisher-category-MONOGRAPHACA">
                        <a class="vrtx-publisher" href="https://kanalregister.hkdir.no/publiseringskanaler/info/forlag?pid=665CFA70-B6E5-408F-B969-47844CA13B26">Cappelen Damm Akademisk</a>.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-isbn">ISBN 9788202734541.</span>
            
                <span class="vrtx-pages">250 p.</span>
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5072219">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
    </ul>
      <p class="vrtx-more-external-publications"><a href="https://nva.sikt.no/filter?fundingIdentifier=302001&amp;fundingSource=NFR">View all works in NVA</a></p>
    </div>

    <div id="vrtx-publication-tab-3">
  <ul class="vrtx-external-publications">

      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2356843" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2356843">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2356843">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2025).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Ekko: Panamakanalen.
                </span>
                    [Radio].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-MEDIAINTERVIEW">
                        P2.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4125519">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2356849" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2356849">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2356849">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2025).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        USAs utenriksminister Marco Rubio bes?ker Panama. Her er fem sp?rsm?l og svar.                </span>
                    [Journal].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-MEDIAINTERVIEW">
                        Aftenposten.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3967344">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2356848" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2356848">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2356848">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2025).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        USA truer med ?n?dvendige tiltak? i Panama: –? Denne situasjonen er uakseptabel.
                </span>
                    [Journal].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-MEDIAINTERVIEW">
                        VG.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4427374">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2362291" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2362291">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2362291">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2025).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Latin-Amerika i en ny global (u)orden.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4072402">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2362297" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2362297">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2362297">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2025).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        BRICS: solidaritet i s?r eller Kinas og Russlands ekkokammer?                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4186423">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2347708" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2347708">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2347708">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2025).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Debatten: Trump vil ta tilbake Panama kanalen.
                </span>
                    [TV].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        NRK1.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5036626">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2361571" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2361571">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2361571">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2025).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Chinas Changing Presence in Latin America: What does it mean for development and regional cooperation, seminar for EU diplomats.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3730848">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2319082" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2319082">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2319082">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Las elites politicas desde América Latina.
                </span>
                    [Radio].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        Podcst de Anselmo Flores Andrade.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4508463">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2245222" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2245222">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2245222">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Hvorfor stemmer s? mange velgere i verden p? autorit?re menn?                </span>
                    [Journal].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-MEDIAINTERVIEW">
                        澳门皇冠体育,皇冠足球比分.no.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3644887">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2326786" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2326786">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2326786">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Podcast: Demokrati i krise.
                </span>
                    [Radio].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        Litteraturhusets podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3670489">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2289638" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2289638">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2289638">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        The US-China Partnership That Transformed International Trade — Elizabeth Ingleson.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4513104">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Elizabeth Ingleson explore the historical transformation of the &quot;Made in China&quot; label, how the neoliberal shift in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s was pivotal for China&#39;s integration into the global capitalist system, and the geopolitical implications of China&#39;s rise as a manufacturing powerhouse.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2289629" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2289629">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2289629">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Democracy in the Balance: Navigating Latin America&#39;s Political Landscape — Gerardo Munck.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4719550">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Gerardo Munck discuss state capacity, the role of political parties, and the interplay between democracy and development in Latin America.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2289631" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2289631">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2289631">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Voices and Votes: Shaping the Democratic Landscape in Africa — Boniface Dulani.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4123061">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Boniface Dulani discuss the mixed state of democracy in Africa, spotlighting upcoming elections, power dynamics, and public sentiment towards governance.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2289651" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2289651">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2289651">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Rising Powers and the New Global Order — Rohan Mukherjee.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4592515">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Rohan Mukherjee explore how the Global South seeks greater representation and status within the liberal international order, challenging Western-centric perspectives and advocating for more inclusive global governance.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2289613" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2289613">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2289613">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Shifting Paradigms: The Global South and Feminist Political Economy Unveiled — Sara Stevano.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4698955">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Sara Stevano analyze the utility and limitations of the term the &quot;Global South&quot; and explore the transformative potential of feminist political economy to re-envision and restructure the global economic landscape.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2289612" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2289612">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2289612">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Beyond Trade: China&#39;s Cultural and Political Relations in Africa – Joshua Eisenman.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3395225">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Joshua Eisenman examine the significance of China&#39;s &quot;Community of Shared Future for Mankind,&quot; its Belt and Road Initiative, and the African continent in the context of Chinese foreign policy under President Xi Jinping.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2289643" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2289643">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2289643">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Infrastructure, Governance, and Society in Modern Africa — Karuti Kanyinga.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5094779">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Karuti Kanyinga discuss the benefits and challenges of China&#39;s infrastructure investments in Africa while also considering the impact of campaign finance on political equity and governance.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2289649" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2289649">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2289649">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Great Power Competition and the Global South — Ilaria Carrozza.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4850583">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Ilaria Carrozza explore how countries in the Global South navigate the power dynamics between the US, China, and Russia, asserting their agency and strategic interests. </p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2289619" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2289619">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2289619">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        The Future of Industrialization – Jostein Hauge.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5072541">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Jostein Hauge unpack the historical and ongoing economic dichotomy between the Global North and South, underscoring the influence of power, politics, and historical legacies on the distribution and nature of industrial growth.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2362306" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2362306">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2362306">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Forum 60 +: BRICS: Solidaritet i s?r eller Kina og Russlands ekkokammer?                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3231327">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2297679" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2297679">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2297679">
                Chasukwa, Michael &amp; Banik, Dan
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Development Aid: Complementarity or Competition? The West and China in Malawi.
                </span>
                    <span class="vrtx-parent-contributors">
                            In Chavula, Hopestone; Munthali, Thomas Chataghalala; Ngalawa, Harold P. E. &amp; Dulani, Boniface (Ed.),
                    </span>
                <span class="vrtx-parent-title parent-title-other">
                    The Oxford Handbook of the Malawi Economy.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-CHAPTER">
                        <a class="vrtx-publisher" href="https://kanalregister.hkdir.no/publiseringskanaler/info/forlag?pid=239F1C9D-8585-4961-B96A-05B4CEBCAF6B">Oxford University Press</a>.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 9780198890164.</span>
                            
                <span class="vrtx-pages">p. 121–140.</span>
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4524208">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2333239" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2333239">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2333239">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        ?Puede el capitalismo autoritario resolver los problemas de América Latina?                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-ARTICLEPOPULAR">
                        Pensamiento Iberoamericano.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 0212-0208.</span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4193750">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2326046" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2326046">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2326046">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Xi knytter stadig sterke b?nd i Latin-Amerika – Trump f?r noe av skylden.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-MEDIAINTERVIEW">
                        ABC Nyheter.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3226870">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2326815" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2326815">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2326815">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Under trusler fra Trump ?ker Kinas innflytelse i Latin-Amerika.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4621400">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2328520" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2328520">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2328520">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        China y la Unión Europea en la transición verde en America Latina.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4387096">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2273710" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2273710">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2273710">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        China and the New Geopolitics of Climate Change Multilateralism in Latin America.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4403726">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2361570" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2361570">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2361570">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Conversatorio Guangzhou: Hacía donde va la relación China-América Latina.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3476633">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2290298" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2290298">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2290298">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Venezuela: Demokratih?pet som brast.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-ARTICLEPOPULAR">
                        Hvor hender det?.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 0801-9509.</span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5011263">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2361855" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2361855">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2361855">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2024).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Kinas endrede tilstedev?rese i Latin-Amerika: Multilateralisme og utvikling, foredrag for Utenriksdepartementet.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5174715">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2153075" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2153075">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2153075">
                Banik, Dan &amp; Mawdsley, Emma
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        South–South Cooperation and global development in a multipolar world: China and India in Africa.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-EDITORIAL">
                        Journal of International Development.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 0954-1748.</span>
                            35(4),
                <span class="vrtx-pages">p. 539–548.</span>
            doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3789">10.1002/jid.3789</a>.
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5145991">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2213044" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2213044">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2213044">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Unpacking the Backlash Against Globalization and its Impact on Inequality – Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4831345">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Pinelopi Goldberg discuss whether the world economy is deglobalizing and the extent to which we are witnessing the beginning of a new era.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2213049" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2213049">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2213049">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Decoding Development: The Crucial Role of Institutions – Shiping Tang.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4872971">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Shiping Tang discuss the pivotal role of institutions in shaping and influencing economic development.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2162092" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2162092">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2162092">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Urix p? l?rdag: Kina, Russland og Latin-Amerika.
                </span>
                    [Radio].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        NRK P2.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4730986">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2162096" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2162096">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2162096">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Nei, Kina har ikke kontroll p? kontinentet
Rykker Kina virkelig inn i USAs bakg?rd?                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3864342">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2176687" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2176687">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2176687">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        The World Stage: Does BRICS expansion signify conflict between the West and the rest?                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        NUPI Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4900321">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2189296" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2189296">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2189296">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        India vs Kina (Panellist).
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5188204">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2141869" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2141869">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2141869">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        La rivalidad entre los EEUU y China y el impacto en Chile y América Latina.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5030872">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2139173" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2139173">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2139173">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Banking on Beijing — Axel Dreher.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5009903">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2139175" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2139175">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2139175">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Poverty and the new threat to prosperity — Indermit Gill.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4176391">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2215384" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2215384">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2215384">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Chile: Spydspiss i en ny, aktiv alliansefrihet?                </span>
                    <span class="vrtx-parent-contributors">
                            In Bye, Vegard &amp; T?rnquist, Olle (Ed.),
                    </span>
                <span class="vrtx-parent-title parent-title-other">
                    Gjenreising av det globale fellesskapet: Hvor ble det av solidariteten?.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-CHAPTER">
                        <a class="vrtx-publisher" href="https://kanalregister.hkdir.no/publiseringskanaler/info/forlag?pid=D55E930B-2EFC-4D79-B1EE-38C42095F17C">Forlaget Kolon</a>.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 9788230026229.</span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4332189">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2139970" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2139970">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2139970">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Dagens P1: Rekordmye kokain fra Latin-Amerika.
                </span>
                    [Radio].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        NRKP1.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5188754">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2163998" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2163998">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2163998">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Otra visión de China.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-BOOKREVIEW">
                        El Grand Continent.
                </span>
                <span class="vrtx-issn">ISSN 2824-1495.</span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4259419">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2139963" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2139963">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2139963">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        En bekymringsmelding fra Latin-Amerika
Vesten mister Latin-Amerika. Det haster ? gj?re noe med det.                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4755475">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2152607" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2152607">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2152607">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        How China&#39;s digital entrepreneurs are redefining innovation and reshaping the global economy — Lin Zhang.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3989930">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2152637" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2152637">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2152637">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        The Politics of Poverty in a Changing World Order: Challenges, Strategies, and Promising Practices.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3851810">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2152619" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2152619">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2152619">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Forging New Paths in Challenging Geopolitical Landscapes — Stephen D. Krasner.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4471445">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2151651" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2151651">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2151651">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Vesten b?r ?nske Latin-Amerika velkommen som en mulig uavhengig deltager i global politikk.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3651730">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2151662" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2151662">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2151662">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        América Latina y la UE: geopolítica entre Rusia y China.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-MEDIAINTERVIEW">
                        Deutche Welle.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5220095">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2151667" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2151667">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2151667">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2023).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Ikkje p? lag med Vesten: Latin-Amerika.
                </span>
                    [Journal].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-MEDIAINTERVIEW">
                        Klassekampen.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3672624">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2086771" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2086771">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2086771">
                Bull, Benedicte &amp; Orre, Aslak Jang?rd
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        MultiChina seminar: Will China Come to the Rescue? Post-Pandemic Crises and the Role of China in Latin America and Africa.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4302283">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2084257" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2084257">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2084257">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        The development bargain — Stefan Dercon.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5005796">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2362293" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2362293">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2362293">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Global morgen: Latin-Amerika i en ny verdensorden.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4798817">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2078407" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2078407">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2078407">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Vindu mot verden: Venezuela og Chile i en ny verdensorden.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4106483">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2086720" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2086720">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2086720">
                Bull, Benedicte &amp; Banik, Dan
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        MultiChina Seminar: A changing face of China in Latin America and Africa: From economic statecraft to complex multilateralism?                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3411589">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2084080" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2084080">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2084080">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Africa&#39;s right to development — Mo Ibrahim.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5236869">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2024359" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2024359">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2024359">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Breaking Bad: Understanding Backlash Against Democracy in Africa — Lise Rakner.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5056547">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Lise Rakner discuss whether countries on the African continent are facing a democratic backlash, and how incumbent political elites are increasingly containing democratizing pressures through two interacting processes: legal institutions and international relationships. </p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2024349" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2024349">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2024349">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Globalization and Asian Geopolitics — Shivshankar Menon.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4944782">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Shivshankar Menon discuss India’s place in a new world order and the extent to which the country is currently diversifying its foreign policy, how globalization changed Asian geopolitics, the strained relationship between India and China, the role of personalities in foreign policy, and the impact of the idea of India as a “Vishwaguru”.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2078445" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2078445">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2078445">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Global morgen: Latin-Amerika i en ny verdensorden.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4117403">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2078454" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2078454">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2078454">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Verden sett fra Latin-Amerika.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3720173">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2090213" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2090213">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2090213">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        The power of the Chinese state: Examination, Autocracy, Stability, and Technology — Yasheng Huang.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4318964">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2081179" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2081179">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2081179">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Great power rivalry and regional cooperation in Latin America: From US-led to Chinese dominated multilateralism?                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4586982">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2078608" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2078608">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2078608">
                Guo, Wei
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Chinese Multilateralism and its Impact on Environmental and Democratic Governance in Africa and Latin America (MultiChina) project introduction.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3594450">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2034735" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2034735">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2034735">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        A New Narrative on Africa.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        NUPI.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3453662">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2034737" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2034737">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2034737">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2022).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Green finance in the Global South – can it help combat climate change and aid sustainable development?                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        NUPI.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3839315">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2086783" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2086783">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2086783">
                Bull, Benedicte &amp; Banik, Dan
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        MultiChina Webinar: BRI and SDG: Chinese lenders’ credit policy and practice.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3254135">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1873955" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1873955">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1873955">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Francis Fukuyama on political development and political decay.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4974718">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1929236" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1929236">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1929236">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Et geopolitisk veivalg med milj?et som innsats.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3458760">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1932640" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1932640">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1932640">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Baksiden av det gr?nne skiftet: Kampen om Latin-Amerikas litium.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4515775">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1941034" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1941034">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1941034">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        The Chinese approach to network-building.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3565362">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1940993" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1940993">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1940993">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        The impact of the sustainable development concept — Frank Biermann.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3710594">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1941008" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1941008">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1941008">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Reimagining development — Hannah Ryder.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4226882">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1941019" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1941019">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1941019">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        The remarkable expansion of South–South Cooperation — Emma Mawdsley.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3489621">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1940998" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1940998">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1940998">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Summit diplomacy and African agency — Folashadé Soulé.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3898568">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1935911" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1935911">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1935911">
                Bull, Benedicte
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        China and Latin America in the post-Trump era.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5175323">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2024187" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2024187">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2024187">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Beating the Odds: Jump-Starting Developing Countries — Justin Yifu Lin.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3440464">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Justin Yifu Lin discuss the role of Bretton Woods Institutions in promoting global development, China’s experience of achieving economic growth and eradicating extreme poverty, what worked and did not work in India, and the key conclusions from his book &quot;Beating the Odds: Jump-Starting Developing Countries&quot;.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2024180" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2024180">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2024180">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Local resistance against coal in Lamu, Kenya — Raya Ahmed, Omar Elmawi, Gino Cocchiaro.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4918651">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik speaks with Raya Ahmed, Omar Elmawi and Gino Cocchiaro on how they were able to stop a major coal-fired power plant from being built in Kenya. How and why did the local population mobilise against the project, what was the response from the authorities, and what lessons does the Lamu case offer to other communities?</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2024178" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2024178">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2024178">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Living in a Materials World: Extractives on the road to Net Zero — Tony Addison.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4263784">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Tony Addison discuss the lessons learned from low-and middle income countries that have successfully managed their revenues from extractive resources, how these countries can benefit from growing global interest in transitioning to renewable energy, the impact of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) and the international community’s future role in natural resource governance.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-2024207" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-2024207">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-2024207">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2021).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Is it the end of democracy in Africa? — Nic Cheeseman.
                </span>
                    [Internet].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4035550">Full text in Research Archive</a>
                <span class="vrtx-publication-summary">
                            <a href="#" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show summary" class="vrtx-publication-summary">Show summary</a>
                            <p class="vrtx-publication-summary" style="display:none">Dan Banik and Nic Cheeseman discuss how democracy is viewed on the African continent, the extent to which democracy has delivered development, whether the Rwandan model of development can be replicated elsewhere, and what should be done to stop elections from being rigged.</p>
                </span>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1865038" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1865038">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1865038">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2020).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Yuen Yuen Ang on economic boom, poverty reduction and corruption in China.
                </span>
                    [Radio].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3675823">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1865042" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1865042">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1865042">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2020).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Global inequality and the future of capitalism -- Branko Milanovic.
                </span>
                    [Radio].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4780333">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1865051" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1865051">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1865051">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2020).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Liu Baocheng on what the West does not understand about China.
                </span>
                    [Radio].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3437299">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1865080" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1865080">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1865080">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2020).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Crises and leadership.
                </span>
                    [Radio].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3991791">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1865082" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1865082">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1865082">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2020).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        China in a post-Covid world.
                </span>
                    [Radio].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5089291">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1865073" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1865073">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1865073">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2020).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Benedicte Bull on state capacity in Latin America.
                </span>
                    [Radio].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4129242">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1865053" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1865053">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1865053">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2020).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Gyude Moore on China’s Belt and Road Initiative and infrastructure development in Africa.
                </span>
                    [Radio].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/4242227">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
      <li id="vrtx-external-publication-1865045" class="vrtx-external-publication">
        <div id="vrtx-publication-1865045">
            <span class="vrtx-contributors" id="vrtx-publication-contributors-1865045">
                Banik, Dan
            </span>(2020).
                <span class="vrtx-title title-other">
                    <!-- For readability. Too many underlined characters when both present -->
                        Eric Olander on China-Africa relations.
                </span>
                    [Radio].
                <span class="vrtx-publisher publisher-other publisher-category-PROGRAMPARTICIP">
                        In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
                </span>
                            
            
            <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5042990">Full text in Research Archive</a>
        </div>
    </li>
    </ul>
      <p class="vrtx-more-external-publications"><a href="https://nva.sikt.no/filter?fundingIdentifier=302001&amp;fundingSource=NFR">View all works in NVA</a></p>
    </div>

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        <span class="published-date-label">Published</span> <span class="published-date">Aug. 7, 2020 12:13 PM </span>
        
          - <span class="last-modified-date">Last modified</span> <span class="last-modified-date">Aug. 13, 2025 8:08 PM</span>
        
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              <div class="vrtx-participants vrtx-participant-no-image">
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                  <a href="https://www.globe.uio.no/english/people/aca/bbull/index.html" class="vrtx-participant-name">Benedicte Bull</a>

                    <span class="vrtx-participant-affiliation">
University of Oslo                    </span>

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              <div class="vrtx-participants vrtx-participant-no-image">
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                  <a href="https://www.globe.uio.no/english/people/aca/danbanik/index.html" class="vrtx-participant-name">Dan Banik</a>

                    <span class="vrtx-participant-affiliation">
University of Oslo                    </span>

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                  <a href="https://www.globe.uio.no/english/people/aca/bjornlbr/index.html" class="vrtx-participant-name">Bj?rn Leif Brauteseth</a>

                    <span class="vrtx-participant-affiliation">
University of Oslo                    </span>

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                  <span class="vrtx-participant-name">Antulio Rosales</span>

                  <span class="vrtx-participant-affiliation"></span>

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                  <span class="vrtx-participant-name">Baocheng Liu</span>

                  <span class="vrtx-participant-affiliation"></span>

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            <li>
              <div class="vrtx-participants vrtx-participant-no-image">
              <div class="vrtx-participant-info">
                  <span class="vrtx-participant-name">Zhengzhong Xu</span>

                  <span class="vrtx-participant-affiliation"></span>

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              <div class="vrtx-participants vrtx-participant-no-image">
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                  <span class="vrtx-participant-name">Youfu Xia</span>

                  <span class="vrtx-participant-affiliation"></span>

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          <a class="all-messages" href="/english/research/interfaculty-research-areas/completed/sum/projects/multichina/index.html?vrtx=list-related-persons">Detailed list of participants</a>
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